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Surgical Assistants (SAs)〔http://www.jacksonsurgicalassistants.com/media/38946/drf_article.pdf〕 are highly skilled, credentialed surgical health professionals who work under the direction of licensed surgeons performing surgical procedures.〔 SAs are surgical practitioners working exclusively within the surgical care team environment as described by the American College of Surgeons. The surgeon's assistants〔https://www.facs.org/about-acs/statements/stonprin#anchor129977〕 also known as: assistant surgeon,〔https://www.oxhp.com/secure/policy/assistant_surgeon_policy.pdf〕 surgical physician assistant,〔https://www.aaspa.com/page.asp?tid=95〕 registered nurse first assistant 〔https://www.aorn.org/Clinical_Practice/RNFA_Resources/First_Assisting_(RNFA).aspx〕 or surgical assistant 〔https://www.ama-assn.org/ssl3/ecomm/PolicyFinderForm.pl?site=www.ama-assn.org&uri=/resources/html/PolicyFinder/policyfiles/HnE/H-475.986.HTM〕 perform a specialized role during the surgical procedure. In the US the National Uniform Claims Committee has a taxonomy classification for surgical assistants.〔http://www.nucc.org/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=126〕 The surgical assistant 〔http://www.jacksonsurgicalassistants.com/media/46982/the_evolution_of_surgical_assisting.pdf〕 role is carried out by surgical practitioners who are: doctors of medicine, nurses specialized in perioperative nursing who have completed registered nurse first assistant programs, surgical physician assistants and surgical assistants which are certified, licensed or registered. Surgical assistants are trained in surgery and undergo rigorous credentialing to practice in that role. The healthcare professionals practicing as surgical assistants varies internationally and each country has legal requirements for the scope of practice for the surgical assistants. Surgical assistance is the practicing specialty of surgical assistants in clinical roles in the United States. In large complicated surgical cases there can be two surgical assistants during the surgical procedure one acting as a first surgical assistant and the other as a second surgical assistant.〔http://www.absa.net/definitions.php〕 ==Professional framework== The origins can be traced back to the nineteenth and twentieth century. In the Navy a Surgeon's Mate who was renamed assistant surgeon in 1805 was historically the individual providing surgical assistant duties during the nineteenth century. In the US in the 1920s the role of surgical assistant is popularized by Sister Mary Joseph a pioneer in the field. In the twentieth century the origins of the surgical assistant role in the United States can be traced back to the specialized surgical teams assembled by Michael E. DeBakey during World War II. In the US, having a second doctor as an assistant surgeon has been a requirement for all major procedures for decades. Today the role of the assistant surgeon is carried out by surgeon's assistants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Are Cutbacks on Surgeons Risking Patients' Lives? - TIME )〕 In hospitals without surgical residents the role of assistant surgeon is performed by properly credentialed licensed providers.〔http://www.hmsa.com/PORTAL/PROVIDER/zav_pel.ph.AST.400.htm〕 The surgical assistant, assistant surgeon and assistants-at-surgery, who serve as a member of the surgical team, perform tasks under the direction of surgeons and aid them in conducting surgery. The scope of practice of these tasks may include making initial incisions ("opening"), exposing the surgical site ("retracting"), stemming blood flow ("hemostasis"), surgically removing veins and arteries to be used as bypass grafts ("harvesting"), reconnecting tissue ("suturing"), and completing the operation and reconnecting external tissue ("closing"). Some of these tasks, like retraction, are relatively simple, while others, such as harvesting, are more complex. An assistant-at-surgery may perform one or more simple or complex tasks during an operation. Members of a wide range of health professions serve as assistants-at-surgery, including physician, residents in training for licensure or board certification in a physician specialty, several different kinds of nurses, and members of several other health professions. For purposes of this report, international medical graduates do not include individuals who are in U.S. residency programs or who are physicians licensed in the United States, but may include some who are certified as surgical assistants. International medical graduates are physicians who have graduated from a medical school outside the United States, Puerto Rico, or Canada. In the United States since 1994, the American College of Surgeons, with other surgical specialty organizations, has conducted studies to determine which surgical procedures require physicians as assistants-at-surgery. These studies classify surgical procedures as "almost always," "sometimes," or "almost never" requiring an assistant-at-surgery. The 2002 study classifies approximately 5,000 surgical procedures, about 1,750 of which are designated as "almost always" requiring a physician to serve as an assistant-at-surgery. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons states that the specific role of a surgical assistant may be primarily: to act as a facilitator, to act as a facilitator and co-worker and to act as a facilitator and a consultant to the surgeon. In Australia, like in many countries, the Surgeon's Assistant role is carried out by a Doctor of Medicine or a professional like a Perioperative Nurse Surgical Assistant. The Royal College of Surgeons in England has created a curriculum framework for the education and training of Surgical Care Practitioners who are health professionals performing minor surgeries and assisting in major surgeries in England. In Ontario, Canada there are physicians whose focused practice is full-time surgical assisting, providing surgical care in the operating rooms.〔https://www.oma.org/Resources/Documents/2007SurgicalFirstAssistant.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「surgeon's assistant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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